UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark one)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

or

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-36529

MTBC, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(732) 873-5133

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

At October 31, 2019, the registrant had 12,219,148 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

INDEX

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements that we make from time to time, including statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. These statements relate to anticipated future events, future results of operations or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “intends,” “expects,” “plans,” “goals,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Our operations involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control, and any one of which, or a combination of which, could materially affect our results of operations and whether the forward-looking statements ultimately prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, without limitation, statements reflecting management’s expectations for future financial performance and operating expenditures (including our ability to continue as a going concern, to raise additional capital and to succeed in our future operations), expected growth, profitability and business outlook, increased sales and marketing expenses, and the expected results from the integration of our acquisitions.

Forward-looking statements are only predictions, are uncertain and involve substantial known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause our (or our industry’s) actual results, levels of activity or performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things, the unknown risks and uncertainties that we believe could cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements as set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 20, 2019. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of the risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements, including without limitation, risks and uncertainties relating to:

We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity or performance. Except as required by law, we are under no duty to update or revise any of such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

MTBC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

MTBC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

MTBC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(a) No tax effect has been recorded as the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the tax benefit from its foreign currency translation adjustments.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

MTBC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

For all periods presented, the preferred stock dividends were paid monthly at the rate of $2.75 per share per annum.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

MTBC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

MTBC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF AND FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018 (UNAUDITED)

MTBC, Inc., (and together with its consolidated subsidiaries “MTBC” or the “Company”) is a healthcare information technology company that offers an integrated suite of proprietary cloud-based electronic health records and practice management solutions, together with related business services, to healthcare providers. The Company’s integrated services are designed to help customers increase revenues, streamline workflows and make better business and clinical decisions, while reducing administrative burdens and operating costs. The Company’s services include full-scale revenue cycle management, electronic health records, and other technology-driven practice management services for private and hospital-employed healthcare providers. MTBC has its corporate offices in Somerset, New Jersey and maintains client support teams throughout the U.S., Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

MTBC was founded in 1999 and incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2001. In 2004, MTBC formed MTBC Private Limited (or “MTBC Pvt. Ltd.”), a 99.9% majority-owned subsidiary of MTBC based in Pakistan. The remaining 0.01% of the shares of MTBC Pvt. Ltd. is owned by the founder and Executive Chairman of MTBC. In 2016, MTBC formed MTBC Acquisition Corp. (“MAC”), a Delaware corporation, in connection with its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of MediGain, LLC and its subsidiary, Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC (together “MediGain). MAC has a wholly owned subsidiary in Sri Lanka, RCM MediGain Colombo, Pvt. Ltd. In May 2018, MTBC formed MTBC Health, Inc. (“MHI”) and MTBC Practice Management, Corp. (“MPM”), each a Delaware corporation in connection with MTBC’s acquisition of substantially all of the revenue cycle management, practice management and group purchasing organization assets of Orion Healthcorp, Inc. and 13 of its affiliates (together, “Orion”). MHI is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of MTBC, and was formed to own and operate the revenue cycle management and group purchasing organization businesses acquired from Orion. MPM is a wholly owned subsidiary of MHI and was formed to own and operate the practice management business acquired from Orion. In March 2019, MTBC formed MTBC-Med, Inc. (“MED”), a Delaware corporation, in connection with its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Etransmedia Technology, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“ETM”). See Note 3.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 8-03. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2019, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 20, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board “FASB” issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard requires organizations that have leased assets, referred to as “lessees,” to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities that represent the rights and obligations created by those leases, respectively. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new ASU requires both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The FASB has subsequently issued further ASU’s related to the standard providing additional practical expedients and an optional transition method allowing entities to not recast comparative periods. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 are now effective.

We adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition adjustment method. As part of the adoption of ASC 842, we performed an assessment of the impact that the new lease recognition standard has on the condensed consolidated financial statements. All of our leases, which consist of facility and equipment leases, have been classified as operating leases. The Company does not have any financing leases. We adopted the requirements of the new standard without restating the prior periods. There was no impact to the accumulated deficit as of the date of adoption. For leases in place at the transition date, we adopted the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases.

We have also adopted the practical expedients that allow us to treat the lease and non-lease components of our leases as a single component for our facility leases. We elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. As such, for those leases that qualify, we did not recognize ROU asset or lease liabilities as part of the transition adjustment. As of January 1, 2019, the impact on the consolidated assets was approximately $4.2 million and the impact on the consolidated liabilities was approximately $4.4 million. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, stockholders’ equity, or statement of cash flows.

We have also evaluated, documented, and implemented required changes in internal control as part of our adoption of the new lease recognition standard. These changes include implementing updated accounting policies affected by ASC 842 and implementing a new information technology application to calculate our right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and required disclosures.

2019 Acquisition

On April 3, 2019, the Company executed an asset purchase agreement (“APA”) to acquire substantially all of the assets of ETM. The purchase price was $1.6 million and the assumption of certain liabilities, excluding acquisition-related costs of approximately $125,000. Per the APA, the acquisition had an effective date of April 1, 2019. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination.

The ETM acquisition added additional clients to the Company’s customer base and, similar to previous acquisitions, broadened the Company’s presence in the healthcare information technology industry through geographic expansion of its customer base and by increasing available customer relationship resources and specialized trained staff.

The purchase price allocation for ETM was performed by the Company and is summarized as follows:

The acquired accounts receivable are recorded at fair value which represents amounts that have subsequently been paid or are expected to be paid by clients. The fair value of customer relationships was based on the estimated discounted cash flows generated by these intangibles. The goodwill from this acquisition is deductible ratably for income tax purposes over fifteen years and represents the Company’s ability to have an expanded local presence in additional markets and operational synergies that we expect to achieve that would not be available to other market participants.

The weighted-average amortization period of the acquired intangible assets is four years.

Revenue earned from the clients obtained from the ETM acquisition was approximately $1.7 million and $3.7 million, respectively during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

2018 Acquisition

On May 7, 2018, the Company executed an APA to acquire substantially all of the revenue cycle, practice management, and group purchasing organization assets of Orion. The purchase price was $12.6 million, excluding acquisition-related costs of approximately $245,000. Per the APA, the acquisition had an effective date of July 1, 2018. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination.

The Orion acquisition added a significant number of clients to the Company’s customer base and, similar to previous acquisitions, broadened the Company’s presence in the healthcare information technology industry through geographic expansion of its customer base and by increasing available customer relationship resources and specialized trained staff. The acquisition also included Orion’s practice management and group purchasing services. The practice management services provide three pediatric medical practices with the nurses, administrative support, facilities, supplies, equipment, marketing, RCM, accounting and other non-clinical services needed to efficiently operate the practices. The group purchasing services enable medical providers to purchase various vaccines directly from selected pharmaceutical companies at a discounted price.

The Company engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist the Company in valuing the assets acquired from Orion. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation.

The acquired accounts receivable are recorded at fair value which represents amounts that have subsequently been paid or are expected to be paid by clients. The inventory acquired represents vaccines held at the managed practices. The fair value of customer relationships was based on the estimated discounted cash flows generated by these intangibles. The goodwill from this acquisition is deductible ratably for income tax purposes over fifteen years and represents the Company’s ability to have an expanded local presence in additional markets, operational synergies that we expect to achieve that would not be available to other market participants and the ability to offer group purchasing and practice management services.

The weighted-average amortization period of the acquired intangibles is seven years.

Pro forma financial information (Unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma information below represents condensed consolidated results of operations as if the Orion and ETM acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2018. The pro forma information has been included for comparative purposes and is not indicative of results of operations that the Company would have had if the acquisitions occurred on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results. The unaudited pro forma information reflects material, non-recurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combinations. The difference between the actual revenue and the pro forma revenue is approximately $19.1 million of additional revenue recorded by Orion and approximately $9.3 million of additional revenue recorded by ETM for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. The following is the summary of the changes to the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018:

Of the total goodwill, approximately $90,000 is allocated to the Practice Management segment and the balance is allocated to the Healthcare IT segment.

Intangible assets include customer contracts and relationships and covenants not-to-compete acquired in connection with acquisitions, as well as trademarks acquired and software costs. Intangible assets - net as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following:

Amortization expense was approximately $1.7 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and approximately $577,000 and $633,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period is currently seven years.

As of September 30, 2019, future amortization scheduled to be expensed is as follows:

The following table reconciles the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

All unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”), the 200,000 warrants granted to Opus Bank (“Opus”) and the 153,489 warrants granted to Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) have been excluded from the above calculations as they were anti-dilutive. Vested RSUs and vested restricted shares have been included in the above calculations.

SVB — During October 2017, the Company opened a revolving line of credit from SVB under a three-year agreement. The SVB credit facility is a secured revolving line of credit where borrowings are based on a formula of 200% of repeatable revenue adjusted by an annualized attrition rate as defined in the credit agreement. During the third quarter of 2018, the credit line was increased from $5 million to $10 million and the term was extended for an additional year. Nothing was drawn on this line of credit as of December 31, 2018 or September 30, 2019. Interest on the SVB revolving line of credit is charged at the prime rate plus 1.50%. There is also a fee of one-half of 1% annually for the unused portion of the credit line. The debt is secured by all of the Company’s domestic assets and 65% of the shares in its offshore facilities. Future acquisitions are subject to approval by SVB.

Vehicle Financing Notes — The Company financed certain vehicle purchases both in the United States and in Pakistan. The vehicle financing notes have three to six years terms and were issued at current market rates.

Insurance Financing — The Company finances certain insurance purchases over the term of the policy life. The interest rate charged is 4.52% based on the annual renewal.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current operating lease liability and non-current operating lease liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019. The Company does not have any finance leases.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

We use our estimated incremental borrowing rates, which are derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. For leases in existence at the adoption of ASC 842, we used the incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. We give consideration to our bank financing arrangements, geographical location and collateralization of assets when calculating our incremental borrowing rates.

Our lease terms include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases with a term of less than 12 months are not recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. For real estate leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Some leases include escalation clauses and termination options that are factored in the determination of the lease payments when appropriate.

If a lease is modified after the effective date, the operating lease ROU asset and liability is re-measured using the current incremental borrowing rate. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, a lease impairment of approximately $87,000 was recorded since the Company is no longer using one of its leased facilities and is currently in the process of subleasing the space. Restructuring charges of approximately $49,000 were recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2019 which represent the remaining lease costs for another leased facility that was closed and the employees were transferred to another Company facility.

We lease all of our facilities and some equipment. Lease expense is included in direct operating costs and general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations based on the nature of the expense. As of September 30, 2019, we had 32 leased properties, five in Practice Management and 27 in Healthcare IT, with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to four years. Our lease terms are determined taking into account lease renewal options, the Company’s anticipated operating plans and leases that are on a month-to-month basis. We also have some related party leases – see Note 9.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Short-term lease cost represents leases that were not capitalized as the lease term as of the later of January 1, 2019 or the beginning of the lease was less than 12 months. Variable lease costs include utilities, real estate taxes and common area maintenance costs.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

As of September 30, 2019, we have one operating lease commitment with a six year term that commences on January 1, 2020 aggregating approximately $1.2 million.

Disclosures related to periods prior to adoption of ASC 842:

Operating lease rent expense was approximately $591,000 and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Month-to-month leases and cancellable leases are not included in the table below. Certain leases are maintained on a month-to-month basis. This includes leases for the US corporate facility and other locations with the Executive Chairman (see Note 9). As of December 31, 2018, future lease payment obligations under non-cancellable operating leases were as follows:

Legal Proceedings — On April 4, 2017, Randolph Pain Relief and Wellness Center (“RPRWC”) filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association (the “Arbitration”) seeking to arbitrate claims against MTBC, Inc. (“MTBC”) and MTBC Acquisition Corp. (“MAC”). The claims relate solely to services provided by Millennium Practice Management Associates, Inc. (“MPMA”), a subsidiary of MediGain, LLC, pursuant to a billing services agreement that contains an arbitration provision. MTBC and MAC jointly moved in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Somerset County (the “Chancery Court”) to enjoin the Arbitration on the grounds that neither were a party to the billing services agreement. On May 30, 2018, the Chancery Court denied that motion and MTBC and MAC appealed. The Chancery Court ordered the Arbitration stayed pending the appeal.

On April 23, 2019, the Appellate Division reversed the Chancery Court’s ruling that MTBC is required to participate in the Arbitration and remanded the case for further proceedings before the Chancery Court on that issue. The Appellate Division upheld the Chancery Court’s ruling that MAC was required to participate in the Arbitration. Discovery is currently ongoing in the remanded matter.

RPRWC seeks compensatory damages of $6.6 million, plus costs, for MPMA’s alleged breach of the billing services agreement. RPRWC’s breach of contract and compensatory damages claims have not been the subject of the ongoing court proceedings, which have focused solely on whether RPRWC can compel MTBC and MAC to arbitrate its claim. Thus, RPRWC has not yet provided MTBC and MAC with information sufficient to enable them to estimate a range of possible losses that may arise from the Arbitration. ​If MTBC is compelled to arbitrate RPRWC’s claims it plans to mount a vigorous defense. Likewise, MAC intends to vigorously defend against RPRWC’s claims. If ​RPRWC is successful in the Arbitration, MTBC and MAC anticipate the award would be substantially less than the amount claimed.

The Company had sales to a related party, a physician who is the wife of the Executive Chairman. Revenues from this customer were approximately $14,000 and $15,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $5,000 and $6,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the receivable balance due from this customer was approximately $2,000 and $1,600, respectively.

The Company is a party to a nonexclusive aircraft dry lease agreement with Kashmir Air, Inc. (“KAI”), which is owned by the Executive Chairman. The Company recorded an expense of approximately $86,000 and $96,000 for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $32,000 for both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a liability outstanding to KAI of approximately $1,000 and $11,000, respectively, which is included in accrued liability to related party in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The original aircraft lease expired on March 31, 2019 and was not included in the ROU asset at January 1, 2019 or March 31, 2019. A lease for a different aircraft at the same lease rate was entered into as of April 1, 2019 and has been included in the ROU asset and operating lease liability at September 30, 2019.

The Company leases its corporate offices in New Jersey, its temporary housing for its foreign visitors, a storage facility and its backup operations center in Bagh, Pakistan, from the Executive Chairman. The related party rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $144,000 and $141,000, respectively, and for three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $47,000 and $46,000, respectively and is included in direct operating costs and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company spent approximately $37,000 to upgrade one of the leased facilities. The Company estimates it will spend approximately an additional $21,000 to upgrade the facility in the following quarter. Current assets-related party in the condensed consolidated balance sheets includes security deposits and prepaid rent related to the leases of the Company’s corporate offices in the amount of approximately $13,000 and $25,000 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Included in the ROU asset at September 30, 2019 is approximately $505,000 applicable to the related party leases. Included in the current and non-current operating lease liability at September 30, 2019 is approximately $281,000 and $230,000, respectively applicable to the related party leases.

Introduction

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was adopted January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. All revenue is recognized as our performance obligations are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer, and is the unit of account under ASC 606. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the revenue cycle management services begin on the medical billing claims, which is generally upon receipt of the claim from the provider. For revenue cycle management services, the Company estimates the value of the consideration it will earn over the remaining contractual period as our services are provided and recognizes the fees over the term; this estimation involves predicting the amounts our clients will ultimately collect associated with the services they provided. The selling price of the Company’s services equals the contractual price. Certain significant estimates, such as payment-to-charge ratios, effective billing rates and the estimated contractual payment periods are required to measure revenue cycle management revenue under ASC 606.

Most of our current contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation. For contracts where we provide multiple services, such as where we perform multiple ancillary services, each service represents its own performance obligation. Selling prices are based on the contractual price for the service, which approximates the stand alone selling price.

We apply the portfolio approach as permitted by ASC 606 as a practical expedient to contracts with similar characteristics and we use estimates and assumptions when accounting for those portfolios. Our contracts generally include standard commercial payment terms. We have no significant obligations for refunds, warranties or similar obligations and our revenue does not include taxes collected from our customers.

Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We derive revenue from seven primary sources: revenue cycle management services, practice management services, professional services, ancillary services, group purchasing services, printing and mailing services, and clearinghouse and EDI (electronic data interchange) services.

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30:

Revenue cycle management services:

Revenue cycle management services are the recurring process of submitting and following up on claims with health insurance companies in order for the healthcare providers to receive payment for the services they rendered. MTBC typically invoices customers on a monthly basis based on the actual collections received by its customers and the agreed-upon rate in the sales contract. The services include use of practice management software and related tools (on a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) basis), electronic health records (on a SaaS basis), medical billing services and use of mobile health solutions. We consider the services to be one performance obligation since the promises are not distinct in the context of the contract. The performance obligation consists of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same periodic pattern of transfer to our customers.

In many cases, our clients may terminate their agreements with 90 days’ notice without cause, thereby limiting the term in which we have enforceable rights and obligations, although this time period can vary between clients. Our payment terms are normally net 30 days. Although our contracts typically have stated terms of one or more years, under ASC 606 our contracts are considered month-to-month and accordingly, there is no financing component.

For the majority of our revenue cycle management contracts, the total transaction price is variable because our obligation is to process an unknown quantity of claims, as and when requested by our customers over the contract period. When a contract includes variable consideration, we evaluate the estimate of the variable consideration to determine whether the estimate needs to be constrained; therefore, we include variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Estimates to determine variable consideration such as payment to charge ratios, effective billing rates, and the estimated contractual payment periods are updated at each reporting date. Revenue is recognized over the performance period using the input method.

Other revenue streams:

MTBC also provides implementation and professional services to certain customers and records revenue monthly on a time and materials or a fixed rate basis. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the implementation or professional services are rendered.

Ancillary services represent services such as coding, credentialing and transcription that are rendered in connection with the delivery of revenue cycle management and related medical services. The Company invoices customers monthly, based on the actual amount of services performed at the agreed upon rate in the contract. These services are only offered to revenue cycle management customers. These services do not represent a material right because the services are optional to the customer and customers electing these services are charged the same price for those services as if they were on a standalone basis. Each individual coding, credentialing or transcription transaction processed represents a performance obligation, which is satisfied over time as that individual service is rendered.

The Company provides group purchasing services which enable medical providers to purchase various vaccines directly from selected pharmaceutical companies at a discounted price. Currently, there are approximately 4,000 medical providers who are members of the program. Revenue is recognized as the vaccine shipments are made to the medical providers. Referral fees from the pharmaceutical companies are paid to MTBC either quarterly or annually and the Company adjusts its revenue accrual at the time of payment. The Company makes significant judgments regarding the variable consideration which we expect to be entitled to for the group purchasing services which includes the anticipated shipments to the members enrolled in the program, anticipated volumes of purchases made by the members, and the changes in the number of members. The amounts recorded are constrained by estimates of decreases in shipments and loss of members to avoid a significant revenue reversal in the subsequent period. The only performance obligation is to provide the pharmaceutical companies with the medical providers who want to become members in order to purchase vaccines. The performance obligation is satisfied once the medical provider agrees to purchase a specific quantity of vaccines and the medical provider’s information is forwarded to the vaccine suppliers. The Company records a contract asset for revenue earned and not paid as the ultimate payment is conditioned on achieving certain volume thresholds.

The Company provides printing and mailing services for both revenue cycle management customers and a non- revenue cycle management customer, and invoices on a monthly basis based on the number of prints, the agreed-upon rate per print and the postage incurred. The performance obligation is satisfied once the printing and mailing is completed.

The medical billing clearinghouse service takes claim information from customers, checks the claims for errors and sends this information electronically to insurance companies. MTBC invoices customers on a monthly basis based on the number of claims submitted and the agreed-upon rate in the agreement. This service is provided to medical practices and providers to medical practices who are not revenue cycle management customers. The performance obligation is satisfied once the relevant submissions are completed.

For all of the above revenue streams other than group purchasing services, revenue is recognized over time, which is typically one month or less, which closely matches the point in time that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company. For the group purchasing services, revenue is recognized at a point in time. Other than the group purchasing services, each of the Company’s services are substantially the same and have the same periodic pattern of transfer to the customer. Each service provided by the Company is considered a separate performance obligation.

Practice management services:

The Company also provides practice management services under long-term management service agreements to three medical practices. We provide the medical practices with the nurses, administrative support, facilities, supplies, equipment, marketing, RCM, accounting, and other non-clinical services needed to efficiently operate their practices. Revenue is recognized as the services are provided to the medical practices. Revenue recorded in the consolidated statements of operations represents the reimbursement of costs paid by the Company for the practices and the management fee earned each month for managing the practice. The management fee is based on either a fixed fee or a percentage of the net operating income.