Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Other Income (Expense) - Net

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Other Income (Expense) - Net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Income (Expense) - Net

16. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) – NET

 

Other income (expense) net for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

 

    Years Ended December 31,  
    2017     2016  
Foreign exchange gain (loss)   $ 248,517     $ (92,160 )
Other     83,567       38,884  
Other income (expense) - net   $ 332,084     $ (53,276 )

 

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) primarily result from transactions in foreign currencies other than the functional currency. These transaction gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations related to the recurring measurement and settlement of such transactions.